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Acidic services can be put into two basic categories: decreasing acids, such as hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid, and oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. Increasing chromium and molybdenum content offers increased resistance to lowering acids while increasing chromium and silicon content provides increased resistance to oxidizing acids.

At space temperature level, Type 304 stainless steel is only resistant to 3% acid, while Type 316 is resistant to 3% acid up to 50 C (122 F) and 20% acid at space temperature. Therefore Type 304 SS is rarely used in contact with sulfuric acid. Type 904L and Alloy 20 are resistant to sulfuric acid at even greater concentrations above room temperature.

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At high concentrations and elevated temperature levels, attack will take place, and higher-alloy stainless steels are required. In  Need More Info? , natural acids are less destructive than mineral acids such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. As the molecular weight of organic acids increases, their corrosivity decreases. Formic acid has the most affordable molecular weight and is a weak acid.

Type 316 is commonly utilized for keeping and dealing with acetic acid, a commercially crucial organic acid. Type 304 and Type 316 stainless steels are unaffected by weak bases such as ammonium hydroxide, even in high concentrations and at heats. The very same grades exposed to more powerful bases such as sodium hydroxide at high concentrations and high temperatures will likely experience some etching and splitting.

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Organics [modify] All grades withstand damage from aldehydes and amines, though in the latter case Type 316 is more suitable to Type 304; cellulose acetate damages Type 304 unless the temperature is kept low. Fats and fats only impact Type 304 at temperature levels above 150 C (302 F) and Type 316 SS above 260 C (500 F), while Type 317 SS is unaffected at all temperature levels.